Understanding Tithing: What Does the Bible Really Say?

Tithing has been a widely discussed topic in churches, often tied to Malachi 3:10, where God instructs Israel to bring the "whole tithe into the storehouse." Many churches today interpret this as a command for believers to give 10% of their income to the church. But does this align with the biblical model of tithing? Let’s explore what the Bible actually says.

The Biblical Tithing System

Tithing in the Old Testament was primarily an agricultural practice. God commanded Israel to give a tenth of their produce, livestock, and grain to support the Levites, who served in the temple and had no land inheritance (Numbers 18:21-24). It was a system designed to sustain religious leaders, celebrate God’s blessings, and support the needy.

There were three main types of tithes in ancient Israel:

1. The Levitical Tithe – Given to the Levites for their service in the temple (Numbers 18:21).

2. The Festival Tithe – Used by the giver for a celebration before the Lord (Deuteronomy 14:22-27).

3. The Poor Tithe – Every three years, stored in local towns for the needy (Deuteronomy 14:28-29).

This system was a mix of worship, provision for religious leaders, and social welfare.

Understanding Malachi 3:10

Malachi 3:10 is one of the most quoted scriptures on tithing:

"Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse, that there may be food in my house. Test me in this," says the Lord Almighty, "and see if I will not throw open the floodgates of heaven and pour out so much blessing that there will not be room enough to store it." (Malachi 3:10)

Context is key. Malachi was addressing Israelites who had neglected their tithing obligations, leading to a lack of provision for the temple and the Levites. The "storehouse" was a literal storage space within the temple precincts for agricultural tithes. The blessing promised was rain and agricultural abundance, not personal wealth.

Does the New Testament Require Tithing?

Unlike the Old Testament, the New Testament does not command tithing for Christians. Instead, it emphasizes generous and cheerful giving:

• 2 Corinthians 9:7 – "Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver."

• Acts 2:44-45 – "All the believers were together and had everything in common. They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need."

• 1 Timothy 5:17-18 – "The elders who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honor, especially those whose work is preaching and teaching. For Scripture says, 'Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,' and 'The worker deserves his wages.'"

Rather than enforcing a strict 10%, the New Testament teaches spirit-led generosity where believers give as they are able to support the church, the poor, and the spread of the gospel.

How Do Jewish Communities Practice Tithing Today?

In modern Judaism, tithing is no longer practiced in the same way as in biblical times because there is no functioning temple and priesthood. However, many Jewish communities uphold the principle of tzedakah (charitable giving).

• Ma'aser Kesafim (Monetary Tithe) – Some Jews set aside 10% of their income for charitable purposes, supporting the poor, synagogues, and religious institutions.

• Tzedakah – Considered a moral and religious duty, giving to the needy is highly emphasized in Jewish tradition (Proverbs 19:17 – "Whoever is kind to the poor lends to the Lord, and he will reward them for what they have done.").

• Holiday and Community Giving – Jewish giving is often tied to festivals, such as Purim (giving gifts to the poor) and Passover (ensuring all have food for the holiday) (Esther 9:22 – "As the days on which the Jews got relief from their enemies, and as the month that had been turned for them from sorrow into gladness... they should make them days of feasting and gladness, days for sending gifts of food to one another and gifts to the poor.").

While Jewish communities have adapted their giving practices, the question remains: Should Christians still tithe?

Should Christians Still Tithe?

While tithing as a law is not required, giving is encouraged. The biblical principles of supporting church ministry, helping the needy, and honoring God with our resources remain relevant. However, modern church tithing often differs from the biblical model by focusing mainly on institutional support, such as building maintenance and staff salaries, rather than direct aid to the poor and communal celebrations.

Conclusion

Tithing in the Bible was more than just a financial obligation—it was an act of worship, community care, and faithfulness to God. While Malachi 3:10 was a specific instruction to Israel, the principle of generous and cheerful giving and trusting God with our resources is timeless. Christians today should give joyfully and willingly, not out of guilt or compulsion, but as an expression of gratitude and faith.

Do you believe modern church tithing aligns with biblical teaching, or should giving be more voluntary and community-focused? 

Pray for God's guidance!